Just across Black Mountain from Appalachia, Virginia, lies the little town of Benham, Kentucky. The history of Benham began with a clear industrial rationale. The town emerged as a project planned down to the last detail. Its creation was driven by the need for coal, which was essential for the operation of the steel industry.
In the early 20th century, Wisconsin Steel, a subsidiary of International Harvester, acquired vast tracts of land in Harlan County. These lands lay at the foot of Black Mountain and consisted of virtually untouched terrain with rich coal deposits.
The decision was obvious: to extract the resources and build a fully-fledged town where miners could live and work. Thus, Benham was originally conceived as a fully controlled and organized space.
From the moment it was founded, Benham was built as a “model coal camp”. The company did not confine itself to the mines but created an entire way of life for its workers. A park was established in the center of the town, around which key buildings were situated. Residential houses, schools, a hospital, churches and even a theatre were built. This was a rarity for its time, especially in remote mountainous areas.
The town quickly became a model of what an industrial settlement could look like. It had electricity, a water supply and relatively comfortable living conditions. All this was done not only out of concern for the people, but also with a pragmatic aim – to attract a workforce to a region that was difficult to reach.
Transport infrastructure was a key factor in Benham’s growth. Shortly after the town was founded, a railway line was built here, linking the town to industrial centers.
This line enabled coal to be transported directly to the factories. This made mining economically viable. Without the railway, the project would not have been able to develop at such a pace. It was transport that transformed Benham from an isolated settlement into a vital part of the industrial chain.
Like many mining towns, Benham faced significant changes as coal production began to decline. By the 1970s, the mines were gradually closing. This had an impact on the town’s economy and population. Jobs were disappearing, and some residents were leaving the region.
This period proved to be a turning point. The town was forced to seek new avenues for development. Despite economic difficulties, Benham did not disappear. Instead, it began to rethink its past.
Many buildings constructed during the coal boom have been preserved and given a new purpose. The historic town center has been recognized as one of the finest examples of a coal-mining settlement of its time.
Today, a significant proportion of the architecture is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This has helped to preserve the buildings and the atmosphere of that era. As part of its efforts to preserve its past and strengthen its future, the town of Benham has set the first weekend of October to be its Annual IH Days.
The town hall is open to the public with a complete history of the town and the Coal Miner’s Museum features many artifacts from the town’s active mining days. It is well worth the trip to step back in time and appreciate our region’s participation in the coal and agricultural industries on a national and international basis.
Upcoming Events
Oct. 3--IH Days, Benham, Ky.
Oct. 6--Cattleman Board Meeting
Oct.. 8--OGATA FFA Day.
Oct. 10--Hokie Bugfest, Squires Center, Campus.
Oct. 22--Smyth Washington Cattleman Meeting, 4-H Center, 6:30 p.m.
Nov. 3--VQA Sale.
Nov. 6--Deadline to consign calves to December VQA Sale.
Nov. 9 & 11--VQA Take-Up.
Nov.16 --Private Pesticide License Recertification, 300 Gordondale Road, Atkins, 6 p.m.
Nov. 18--Private Pesticide License Recertification, Office, 8 a.m.